About Word Formation Processes

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Word Formation Processes

The Definition of Word Formation Process
Word formation process also known as etymology is a study of the origin of the word. It deals with the ways in which word can center a language and it refers to all process connected with changing the form of the word or process of creation of lexical units.

Types of Word Formation Processes
There are several types of word formation such as:
1. Acronyms
    Acronyms is words derived from the initials of several words.
    e.g: NASA     = National Aeronautics and Space Agency
           UNICEF = United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
    Acronyms are pronounced distinctly:
    - as the names of individual letters. eg: WHO (World Health Organization)
    - as a word, containing only initial letters. e.g: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Agency)
    - as a combination. e.g:  Amphetamine (Alpha-methyl-phenetylamine)
    - shortcut incorporated into nam. e.g: W3C (World Wide Web consortim)


2. Clipping
    Clipping is shortening a word by deteling one or more syllable
    There are three types of clipping:
    a. Back Clipping (shortening the back part of the word)
        e.g: ad (advertisement)
               memo (memorandum)
    b. Fore Clipping (retains the final parts)
        e.g: phone (telephone)
               gator (alligator)
    c. Middle Clipping
        e.g: flu (influenza)
               tec (detective)


3. Blending
    Blending is a combination of the first or complete part of one word and second part of another.
    e.g: celebgram (celebrity + instagram)
           biopic (biographical + picture)
           guesstimate (guess + estimate)


4. Conversion
    In some languages it is possible to form new lexeme merely by shifting the word category without adding any affixes.
    e.g: winkel (shop), winkel-en (to shop)


5. Coinage
    Coinage is word formation process that a complete new word is added.
    The root is normally the new word. Later on other affixation can be added.
    e.g: googling (for any internet search)
           honda (for any motorcycle product)

           rinso (for any detergent brand)


6. Back Fronting
    In the back fronting, the direction of derivation is interved.
    The less complex word is derived from the more complex word by omitting something.
    e.g: babysit (babysitter)
           terminate (terminator)


7. Compounding
    Compunding is the result from two words or at least two root morphemes are joined together.
    e.g: skyblue (is a kind of blue)
           greenhouse (is a kind of house)

   - in synthetic compund, the head lexeme is derived from a verb
     e.g: hand-washing, home-made, user-driven
   - in attributive compounds, the non head works as a modifier
     e.g: snail-mail
   - in exocentric the derived word has an external reference.
     e.g: pickpocket


8. Borrowing 
    Borrowing is taking over of words from another language.
    e.g: English borrowed another language
           leak (Dutch)
           piano (Italian)
           yogurt (Turkish)


9. Reduplication
    Borrowing is word formation process that all of part of the base is repeated as prefix or suffix.
    e.g: so-so
           good-good
           zig-zag
           walkie-talkie

  
10. Inflectional and Derivational 
      Inflectional (it is not change the word class)
      e.g: car into cars (plural)

      Derivational (it is change the word class)
      e.g: happy + ness   = happiness (N)
                A          
            

  There are types of Word Formation Processes.

I'm very grateful can get the chance for learning this material. Thank you so much Miss Endang Sartika..

For you who read my post, thank you.

Purwokerto, October 03 2018

At the beginning of sweet October

Beginner,

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